Cancer types

his is a list of cancer types, ordered alphabetically.
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Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal increases in the number of cells, with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.[1] Not all tumors or lumps are cancerous; benign tumors are not classified as being cancer because they do not spread to other parts of the body.[1] There are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans.[1]
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Cancers are often described by the body part that they originated in. However, some body parts contain multiple types of tissue, so for greater precision, cancers are additionally classified by the type of cell that the tumor cells originated from. These types include:

Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells. This group includes many of the most common cancers, particularly in older adults. Nearly all cancers developing in the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and colon are carcinomas.
Sarcoma: Cancers arising from connective tissue (i.e. bone, cartilage, fat, nerve), each of which develop from cells originating in mesenchymal cells outside the bone marrow.
Lymphoma and leukemia: These two classes of cancer arise from cells that make blood. Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children accounting for about 30%.[2] However, far more adults develop lymphoma and leukemia.
Germ cell tumor: Cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary (seminoma and dysgerminoma, respectively).
Blastoma: Cancers derived from immature "precursor" cells or embryonic tissue. Blastomas are more common in children than in older adults.
Cancers are usually named using -carcinoma, -sarcoma or -blastoma as a suffix, with the Latin or Greek word for the organ or tissue of origin as the root. For example, cancers of the liver parenchyma arising from malignant epithelial cells is called hepatocarcinoma, while a malignancy arising from primitive liver precursor cells is called a hepatoblastoma, and a cancer arising from fat cells is called a liposarcoma. For some common cancers, the English organ name is used. For example, the most common type of breast cancer is called ductal carcinoma of the breast. Here, the adjective ductal refers to the appearance of the cancer under the microscope, which suggests that it has originated in the milk ducts.
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Benign tumors (which are not cancers) are usually named using -oma as a suffix with the organ name as the root. For example, a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells is called a leiomyoma (the common name of this frequently occurring benign tumor in the uterus is fibroid). Confusingly, some types of cancer use the -noma suffix, examples including melanoma and seminoma.

Some types of cancer are named for the size and shape of the cells under a microscope, such as giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and small-cell carcinoma.

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Adrenocortical carcinoma
AIDS-related cancers
AIDS-related lymphoma
Anal cancer
Appendix cancer
Astrocytoma, childhood cerebellar or cerebral

B

Basal-cell carcinoma
Bile duct cancer, extrahepatic (see cholangiocarcinoma)
Bladder cancer
Bone tumor, osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Brainstem glioma
Brain cancer
Brain tumor, cerebellar astrocytoma
Brain tumor, cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma
Brain tumor, ependymoma
Brain tumor, medulloblastoma
Brain tumor, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors
Brain tumor, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma
Breast cancer
Bronchial adenomas/carcinoids
Burkitt's lymphoma

C

Carcinoid tumor, childhood
Carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal
Carcinoma of unknown primary
Central nervous system lymphoma, primary
Cerebellar astrocytoma, childhood
Cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma, childhood
Cervical cancer
Childhood cancers
Chondrosarcoma
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Colon cancer
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

D

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor

E

Endometrial cancer
Ependymoma
Esophageal cancer
Ewing's sarcoma in the Ewing family of tumors
Extracranial germ cell tumor, childhood
Extragonadal germ cell tumor
Extrahepatic bile duct cancer
Eye cancer, intraocular melanoma
Eye cancer, retinoblastoma

G

Gallbladder cancer
Gastric (stomach) cancer
Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Germ cell tumor: extracranial, extragonadal, or ovarian
Gestational trophoblastic tumor
Glioma of the brain stem
Glioma, childhood cerebral astrocytoma
Glioma, childhood visual pathway and hypothalamic
Gastric carcinoid

H

Hairy cell leukemia
Head and neck cancer
Heart cancer
Hepatocellular (liver) cancer
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hypopharyngeal cancer
Hypothalamic and visual pathway glioma, childhood

I

Intraocular melanoma
Islet cell carcinoma (endocrine pancreas)

K

Kaposi sarcoma
Kidney cancer (renal cell cancer)

L

Laryngeal cancer
Leukaemias
Leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic (also called acute lymphocytic leukaemia)
Leukaemia, acute myeloid (also called acute myelogenous leukemia)
Leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic (also called chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
Leukemia, chronic myelogenous (also called chronic myeloid leukemia)
Leukemia, hairy cell
Lip and oral cavity cancer
Liposarcoma
Liver cancer (primary)
Lung cancer, non-small cell
Lung cancer, small cell
Lymphomas
Lymphoma, AIDS-related
Lymphoma, Burkitt
Lymphoma, cutaneous T-Cell
Lymphoma, Hodgkin
Lymphomas, Non-Hodgkin (an old classification of all lymphomas except Hodgkin's)
Lymphoma, primary central nervous system

M

Macroglobulinemia, Waldenström
Male breast cancer
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone/osteosarcoma
Medulloblastoma, childhood
Melanoma
Melanoma, intraocular (eye)
Merkel cell cancer
Mesothelioma, adult malignant
Mesothelioma, childhood
Metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary
Mouth cancer
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, childhood
Multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm
Mycosis fungoides
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases
Myelogenous leukemia, chronic
Myeloid leukemia, adult acute
Myeloid leukemia, childhood acute
Myeloma, multiple (cancer of the bone-marrow)
Myeloproliferative disorders, chronic
Myxoma

N

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Neuroblastoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-small cell lung cancer

O

Oligodendroglioma
Oral cancer
Oropharyngeal cancer
Osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone
Ovarian cancer
Ovarian epithelial cancer (surface epithelial-stromal tumor)
Ovarian germ cell tumor
Ovarian low malignant potential tumor

P

Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer, islet cell
Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer
Parathyroid cancer
Penile cancer
Pharyngeal cancer
Pheochromocytoma
Pineal astrocytoma
Pineal germinoma
Pineoblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, childhood
Pituitary adenoma
Plasma cell neoplasia/Multiple myeloma
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Prostate cancer

R

Rectal cancer
Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer)
Renal pelvis and ureter, transitional cell cancer
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma, childhood

S

Salivary gland cancer
Sarcoma, Ewing family of tumors
Sarcoma, Kaposi
Sarcoma, soft tissue
Sarcoma, uterine
Sézary syndrome
Skin cancer (non-melanoma)
Skin cancer (melanoma)
Skin carcinoma, Merkel cell
Small cell lung cancer
Small intestine cancer
Soft tissue sarcoma
Squamous cell carcinoma – see skin cancer (non-melanoma)
Squamous neck cancer with occult primary, metastatic
Stomach cancer
Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, childhood

T

T-Cell lymphoma, cutaneous – see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Testicular cancer
Throat cancer
Thymoma, childhood
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer, childhood
Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter
Trophoblastic tumor, gestational